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Sexual education in schools

By etavares On 30 November, 2010 Open Space | 2010 Comments Off on Sexual education in schools No tags

The new contributions of education and the hope of articulation with the valuable contributions of health

Since 1984, and as per Law no. 3/84 of 24 March, the implementation of sexual education has been legally established as an integrating part of the “fundamental right to education (…) in schools” (Law no. 3/84 of 24 March, page 981). Successive legal and normative framework has further reinforced this implementation of the law. It is believed that schools have taken the first formal steps in the education and promotion of health, with the setting up of the National Network of Health Promoting Schools (i.e. RNEPS).

This has occurred as from 1994 onwards, the year Portugal joined the European Network of Health Promoting Schools School – RNEPS- (Duarte, 2005). Whereas back in 1994 the number of schools (10) and health centres (4) that were part of the RNEPS was minimal, this number grew as a result of partnerships between Health and Education (Duarte, 2005).
These schools worked together with local health centres (through School Health Teams) and carried out health education and promotion projects, namely in the area of sexual education, which was a basic need.

Thanks to the combined field work between Health and Education (legally set up and enforced), the various players in health education and promotion, such as parents, health professionals, and students, were able to carry out initiatives, such as awareness-raising and information sessions, and deliver training at the Health Promoting Schools.
Accordingly, and despite the fact that schools benefited from the essential contribution of Health in the area of sexual education, and of the Health School National Programme (i.e. PNSE) being in force, the intervention of health professionals in this context was gradually withdrawn, and, nowadays, it is not done in the context of health education and promotion.

Perhaps due to shortage of human resources, combined with the social and economic conditions of the country and of the population, Health was forced to reduce or cut the number of technicians appointed to intervene in health education. In general terms and at a national level, Health has “again” taken more of a remedial role than that of health educator and promoter.

Nowadays, with Law no. 60/2009 of 6 August (framework for the enforcement of sexual education in schools) and Ministerial Edict no. 196-A/2010 of 9 April (regulating the Law and defining the appropriate syllabi to each level of education), schools have to face the challenge of sexual education. However, they are more “alone” in this process.
Once more, Health is requested to ensure that health and sexual education is “supported locally by the competent public health unit as part of school health activity”, as per Ministerial Edict no. 196-A/2010 of 9 April, p. 1170-(3).

This support had already been referred to in the Protocol signed on 7/02/2006 by the Ministries of Education (i.e. ME) and of Health (i.e. MH), represented by the corresponding ministers.

The purpose of this protocol, which strengthens the partnerships between the Health and Education sectors, is to carry out health education promotion activities in schools, based on the options of the ME, with particular emphasis on the clarification of sexual education policies, and the options of the MH, through the dissemination of health promotion in schools.
The same document refers that “promoting health education in schools is a permanently ongoing process carried out by the Education and Health sectors. This process contributes towards the acquisition of competences by children and adolescents, allowing to positively confronting themselves, build a life project, and be able to make individual choices with conscience and responsibility. The mission of health education promotion in schools is also to create environments that facilitate those choices and stimulate a critical attitude that enables them to pursue an active citizenship” (Protocol between the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health, 2006, p. 1).

In this document, the MH states it will “encourage the Health Services’ participation in order to carry out the School Health National Programme, with a view to promoting children’s health, as well as that of adolescents and the remaining educational community, and to obtaining health gains, namely by (…) encouraging local health structures to include health promotion in schools in their Activity Plans”(Protocol between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Health, 2006, p. 4-5).
This idea is stressed in the Programme of the 17th Constitutional Government. Chapter II states that “ The work of the National Network of Health Promoting Schools had, by the end of 2002, managed to have 3403 participant schools, supported by 366 health centres, and involving about 1/3 of the student population in public schools, ranging from pre-school education to the 12th year of education. The RNEPS programme promotes the health of children and of their families, placing schools within the community network backed by the corresponding local councils. By the end of 2005, our target is to attain again the levels achieved in 2002 and, gradually up to 2010, involve the total number of schools included in the education system, with the support of the Health system” (Programme of the 17th Constitutional Government, 2005, p.11).

Therefore, the challenge the compulsory involvement of Health in the educational project presented to Education means that schools are trying to find a timely and agreed solution led by exiting technicians with responsibility for that purpose (namely through health coordinating teachers and an health education and sexual education interdisciplinary team).
The challenge, with a similar response, was given to the Health sector, and still there are not appropriate resources or sufficient encouragement (namely by means of enforcing the PNSE and the appointment of someone to lead the school health team) to be able to offer an adequate solution. It must be stressed that this response is essential if one is to carry out the Health plan successfully.
Only then will it be possible for Health to be “created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life: where they can learn, work, play and love”! (Ottawa Charter, 1986).

 

Ana Luísa Duarte
Clinical Psychologist working in educational environments
psic.ana@gmail.com

Bibliography
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion – First International Conference on Health Promotion (1986). Acceeded on 9 October 2010, at the Public Health Web site: http://www.saudepublica.web.pt/05-PromocaoSaude/Dec_Ottawa.htm

Duarte, A.L.S. (2005). A influência das práticas da Saúde Escolar na construção das significações da Saúde nos jovens. Master Degree Dissertation in School Health. Faculty of Medicine – University of Lisbon, Lisbon. 111 pp.

Law no. 3/84 of 24 March. Diário da República n.º 71 – I Série. Assembleia da República. Lisbon.

Law no. 60/2009 of 6 August. Diário da República n.º 151 – I Série. Assembleia da República. Lisbon.

Ministerial Edict no. 196-A/2010 of 9 April. Diário da República n.º 69 – I Série. Ministries of Health and of Education. Lisbon.

Programme of the 17th Constitutional Government. Acceded on 9 October 2010, at the Portuguese Government’s website: http://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/GC17/Governo/ProgramaGoverno/Pages/programa_p011.aspx

Protocol between the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health. Acceded on 9 October 2010 at: http://www.dgidc.min-edu.pt/saude/Documents/1_ProtocoloMEMS.pdf

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Index - News # 17 | out/nov. 2010
 Editorial Note
 Hospital for Small Children
 Recorded interview with Professor Gomes-Pedro
 Interview Professor Paulo Ramalho 
 T. Berry Brazelton, MD – João Carlos Gomes Pedro Homage
 Cultural Soirée of the 100th anniversary of FMUL
 Last Lecture by Professor João Carlos Gomes-Pedro
 Opening of the 2010/2011 Academic Year Ceremony – University of Lisbon
 Medicine Evening 2010
 Medical Students Street Party
 Facilities, Equipments, and Information Technologies Unit
 Invitation to Participate in the 13th “Education for Science” Workshop
 Publications FMUL/HSM/IMM
 Lecturers’ Participation in Academic Examination Panels in other institutions(by 31 October 2010)
 FMUL students awarded prizes at the 5th YES Meeting
 IMM Seminars
 An ongoing PhD thesis in Pediatric Research: Interventions and Outcomes in Clinical Trials of Bronchiolitis
 Words to Professor J. Gomes-Pedro
 Bags and Rucksacks: “weights” today and “burdens” tomorrow (PART I)
 Feeding newborn babies at risk
 Valuing Differences
 Sexual education in schools
 Health at Schools Programme
 Cardio-pneumologists at the Paediatric Laboratory For Respiratory Function Studies
 Neonatology, The perspective of a neonatologist at Santa Maria Hospital 
 Introduction to Medicine – Subject Development and Episodes in the Life of a Member of Staff
 Paediatric Origins of Chronic Pulmonary Disease in Adults
 Breastfeeding the Turning Point in 2010
 The importance of a multidisciplinary team in child development
 Science and Health Research 
 Hospital Indicators of the Pediatric University Unity
 Social Values Stock Exchange: “Is Laughing the Best Therapy?” Project
 Swine Flu (H1N1) Pandemics in Portugal (1918-2009): echoes and schisms of the past in the present
 Course “ABC of Clinical Genetics” 2010
 14th Annual Meeting of the Portuguese Society of Human Genetics – 18-20 November 2010
 Workshop “Looking for the Clown Inside You” – 20 November
 Food Bank Against Hunger – 27 and 28 November
 Caminho Book Market – From 29 of November to 17 of December
 ENJOY Med’10 – Deadline for submitting abstracts: 30 November
 Grande Prémio Fundação AstraZeneca 2010
 Obituary
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100 AnosPropriedade e Edição: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa NIPC: 502662875  Periodicidade: Mensal  Diretor: Prof. Doutor Fausto J. Pinto Conselho Editorial: Prof. Doutor Fausto J. Pinto, Profª. Doutora Ana Sebastião, Prof. Doutor Mamede de Carvalho, Prof. Doutor António Vaz Carneiro, Prof. Doutor Miguel Castanho, Dr. Luís Pereira  Equipa Editorial:  Ana Raquel Moreira, Cristina Bastos, Isabel Varela, Joana Sousa, Maria de Lurdes Barata, Rui Gomes, Sónia Teixeira  Colaboração:  Gabinete de Relações Públicas, Internacionais e Comunicação  Versão Inglesa: AP|PORTUGAL- Language Services  Conceção: Metatexto, Lda. e-mail: news@medicina.ulisboa.pt  Sede do Editor e Sede da Redação: Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa Estatuto Editorial Anotado na ERC 

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